Calcium phosphate (CaP) ceramics are widely used in bone tissue engineering due to their similarity to the inorganic component of hard tissue, as well as their biocompatibility, osteoconductivity, and biodegradability. Additive manufacturing (AM), particularly extrusion-based 3D printing, enables the fabrication of CaP scaffolds with controlled architecture. However, CaP is typically printed as a polymer-containing paste and requires high-temperature post-processing to achieve mechanical integrity, which often leads to cracking and structural instability due to insufficient control of material composition and microstructure at early stages.The central hypothesis of the CaPES-3D project is that CaP-based composite powders can reduce defect formation during sintering and improve the mechanical consistency of 3D-printed scaffolds. Conventional approaches rely on physical mixing of components, which limits control over interfacial structure. In contrast, this project proposes direct formation of CaP on nanoscale reinforcements during synthesis, enabling improved dispersion and interaction between phases. The novelty lies in engineering composite structure at the nanoscale prior to processing. TiO2 nanowires (TiNW) are selected as reinforcement due to their biocompatibility and high mechanical strength.The composite powders will be formulated into thermoresponsive inks and processed by extrusion-based 3D printing. Systematic studies will correlate composition, microstructure, and processing parameters with printability, shrinkage, crack formation, and mechanical performance. Physicochemical characterisation, mechanical testing, and cell viability assays will be used to evaluate scaffold performance.By shifting the focus from post-processing optimisation to predictive material design, the project establishes a basis for reliable and scalable fabrication of ceramic scaffolds, supporting future translation towards biomaterial applications.