The monitoring of radioactivity in the environment is an extremely important issue for understanding the impact on the ecosystem and consequently on human health. Previous measurements of radioactivity in the soil on the Pelješac peninsula showed increased activities of certain natural (Ra-226, Po-210 and Pb-210) and artificial (Cs-137 and Sr-90) radionuclides compared to the rest of Croatia. A disequilibrium in the uranium decay chain and the presence of the artificial radionuclide Am-241 were detected, as well. The area with such a radiological composition is ideal for studying the very complex issue of dynamics of radionuclides in the environment and in the soil-plant system. This requires systematic analyzes of the composition and physico-chemical properties of the soil and plant species present. Previous studies of radioactivity in this area were not systematic and the results were based on a limited number of stochastically collected samples. Therefore, a comprehensive study of radioactivity on Pelješac is planned in order to obtain a realistic picture of this specific area and to determine the origin of radionuclides considering the geological basis and climatic processes.In order to obtain reliable conclusions, measurements must be carried out using accurate and precise methods, especially in the cases of very low levels of activity, expected in vegetation samples. Therefore, the improvement and implementation of suitable methods for the determination of alpha, beta and gamma emitters will be part of the project.The results and conclusions derived will be useful for scientific community to understand the dynamics of radionuclides with regard to geomorphology and biogeochemical processes in the environment. Considering current geopolitical situation, understanding the impact of anthropogenic radionuclides will also be useful to better prepare for possible future contamination events. The methods developed in this project could also be applied in such cases.